Περίληψη :
Laser–plasma interactions can create some of the most extreme states of matter, generating electric and magnetic fields, temperatures, and pressures similar to those found in stars. Laser–plasma setups allow the simulation of astrophysical phenomena, such as particle acceleration, shock waves, and magnetic field generation, helping to understand cosmic processes in controlled laboratory environments. The current work combines theoretical modeling and large-scale simulations applied to experimental approaches to study the dynamics of ultrafast magnetic field generation and particle acceleration. Using high-power femtosecond laser pulses, dense plasma can generate multi-kilotesla magnetic fields , while ion acceleration processes, such as Magnetic Vortex Acceleration (MVA), may be driven by laser-shaped gaseous targets. Through magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, the research demonstrates how optically shaped gas jets can create stable, near-critical density plasma structures, ideal for proton acceleration. In parallel, ultrafast magnetic field probing in relativistic laser–foil interactions reveals how current filamentation and fountain-type B fields generate and shape complex magnetic topologies within femtoseconds. These insights deepen the understanding of laser-driven field generation, linking laboratory plasmas with astrophysical phenomena, such as shock formation and cosmic particle acceleration. Overall, the study highlights the potential of laser–plasma interactions as a platform for next-generation accelerators, high-resolution diagnostics, and the exploration of extreme states of matter.
